In 2026, loans received and issued are accounted for in 1C separately under each agreement: movements in the principal amount, accrual and payment of interest, and debt repayment are recorded. The cited provisions of the Tax Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan regulate transitional conditions for investment projects and agreements and do not establish accounting rules for ordinary loans (Articles 837, 838 and 839 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan).
How to Organize Loan Accounting in 1C
Before entering documents, determine the type of transaction: whether the organization received a loan or issued funds to a counterparty, employee, founder, or another party. This determines the economic substance of the transaction, the settlement analytics, and the set of source documents.
It is advisable to provide separate analytics for each loan in the counterparty record and agreement. This is particularly important if several agreements with different currencies, repayment terms, or interest accrual conditions have been concluded with the same party. Combining such transactions under a single agreement makes debt reconciliation more difficult.
For each loan, the accountant will need at least:
- the agreement and supplementary agreements;
- documents confirming the transfer of funds;
- a payment schedule, if provided for by the agreement;
- an interest calculation, if the loan is interest-bearing;
- documents relating to the repayment of principal and interest;
- an accounting memo for calculations and adjustments that require separate documentary evidence.
The specific names of documents, sections, and commands vary depending on the 1C configuration, its version, installed updates, and database settings. Therefore, before entering a transaction, check the functionality of the configuration being used and the organization’s working chart of accounts.
Loans Received and Issued: What Is the Difference?
When an organization receives a loan, it incurs a liability to the lender. The funds received must be linked to a specific agreement, and subsequent payments must be correctly divided between repayment of principal and payment of interest. If the entire payment is posted as a single settlement component, an incorrect balance may remain in the accounting records.
When a loan is issued, a receivable from the borrower arises. The transfer of funds must be recorded separately from accrued interest income. Repayments must also be matched to the agreement, with verification of which portion of the payment repays the principal and which portion relates to interest.
A loan must not be combined with payment for goods, a customer advance, an owner’s contribution, or an accountable amount. Even if the funds were received from the same person, the payment purpose and basis of the transaction must correspond to the agreement and the bank or cash documents.
If the loan is interest-free, this condition should be expressly stated in the agreement and the accounting analytics. If interest is provided for, the accountant must determine the calculation procedure: the calculation base, accrual period, start and end dates, and the rules for calculating interest for an incomplete period. This information must be taken from the agreement rather than entered arbitrarily in 1C.
1C Accounting: Practical Procedure for Working with Loans
First, check the accounting settings and create a separate agreement with the correct settlement type. Then record the bank or cash transaction on the basis of the actual payment document. After posting, make sure that the amount has been allocated to the correct analytics: counterparty, agreement, currency, and settlement purpose.
Further work is usually performed according to the following procedure:
- Record the initial loan amount.
- Maintain the principal balance for each agreement.
- Calculate interest only for the period stipulated by the agreement.
- Record the accrual of interest as a separate transaction.
- Allocate each payment between principal and interest.
- Regularly reconcile the 1C data with bank statements and the calculation under the agreement.
- Check the balances and classification of debt as of the reporting date.
Automatic calculation does not relieve the accountant of the responsibility to verify the result. It is useful to prepare a control table showing the opening balance, loan issuance or receipt, accrued interest, amount paid, and closing balance. The total in the table must match the data in the analytical report in 1C.
After closing the month, check the trial balance and the details of settlements under the agreement. Pay attention to negative or unexpected balances, payments without an agreement, duplicate accruals, and amounts allocated to the wrong counterparty. If there is a discrepancy, first determine its cause and then correct the source document or enter an adjusting transaction on the basis of supporting documents.
What Accountants Should Check in 2026
Before recording a loan, make sure that the information database has been updated and that the applicable settings comply with the organization’s accounting policy. The accounting conditions are determined separately for each transaction, taking into account the parties to the transaction, whether interest is charged, the currency, and the provisions of the agreement. Therefore, the selected method of recording must correspond to the economic substance of the transaction and the documents.
Loans between related parties and transactions involving individuals, non-residents, and founders require particular attention. The settings of another loan should not be copied automatically for such agreements: the parties, currency, interest accrual procedure, payment terms, and documentary basis may differ.
Practical checklist before closing the period:
- the agreement has been signed, and its terms correspond to the payment purpose;
- the principal and interest are accounted for separately;
- bank and cash transactions are linked to the correct agreement;
- the interest calculation complies with the terms of the agreement;
- repayments and accruals have not been duplicated;
- the balance in 1C matches the calculation under the agreement;
- supporting documents are attached to each transaction.
Frequently Asked Questions
Where should loans be accounted for in 1C? — The exact path depends on the configuration, software version, and database settings. Movements of funds are recorded using a bank or cash document, while settlements are maintained with analytics by counterparty and separate loan agreement.
Can principal and interest be accounted for as a single amount? — They should be separated to control settlements. Otherwise, it will be difficult for the accountant to substantiate the outstanding balance, match payments to the agreement, and verify the accuracy of accruals.
How should an interest-free loan be recorded in 1C Accounting? — The transfer of funds and subsequent repayment must be recorded under a separate agreement that expressly stipulates that no interest is charged. All transactions must be matched to the terms of this agreement and the payment documents.
What should be done if a loan payment was allocated to the wrong agreement? — The source bank or cash document should be checked, and the analytics should be corrected in accordance with the source documents. After reposting, the turnover and outstanding balance must be reconciled again.
Does interest need to be accrued automatically? — This depends on the capabilities of the configuration and the database settings. Even when calculated automatically, the result must be checked against the terms of the agreement and the accountant’s control calculation.
Sources
Articles 837–839 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan establish transitional conditions for certain investment projects, investment contracts, and agreements. These articles do not contain special rules for accounting for loans received and issued in 1C (Articles 837, 838 and 839 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan).